RUIP-BA: Renewable, Unlinkable, and Irreversible Privacy-Preserving Behavioral Authentication via Random Projection and Local Differential Privacy for IoT and Mobile Platforms

Behavioral Authentication (BA) systems verify user identity claims based on unique behavioral characteristics using machine learning (ML)-based classifiers trained on user behavioral profiles. Although effective, ML-based BA systems face serious privacy threats, including profile inference and reconstruction attacks. This paper presents RUIP-BA (Renewable, Unlinkable, and Irreversible Privacy-Preserving Behavioral Authentication), a non-cryptographic framework tailored to low-computation devices such as IoT and mobile platforms. Random Projection (RP) maps behavioral profiles into lower-dimensional protected templates while approximately preserving utility-relevant geometry, and local Differential Privacy (DP) injects calibrated stochastic perturbations to provide formal privacy protection. The proposed design jointly targets the ISO/IEC 24745 requirements of renewability, unlinkability, and irreversibility. We provide complete algorithmic realizations for enrollment, verification, template renewal, unlinkability testing, and GAN-based adversarial privacy evaluation. We also introduce rigorous formal privacy derivations and proofs under explicit assumptions, including formal security games, theorem-level guarantees at information-theoretic and statistical levels, Cram’er-Rao lower bounds for irreversibility, full Jensen-Shannon divergence derivations for unlinkability, and GAN Nash-equilibrium attack bounds. Experiments on voice, swipe, and drawing datasets show authentication accuracy above 96% while sharply limiting feature recoverability under strong GAN-based attacks. RUIP-BA provides a scalable, mathematically grounded, and deployment-ready privacy-preserving BA solution.