Multimodal Datasets with Controllable Mutual Information

arXiv:2510.21686v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We introduce a framework for generating highly multimodal datasets with explicitly calculable mutual information (MI) between modalities. This enables the construction of benchmark datasets that provide a novel testbed for systematic studies of mutual information estimators and multimodal self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques. Our framework constructs realistic datasets with known MI using a flow-based generative model and a structured causal framework for generating correlated latent variables. We benchmark a suite of MI estimators on datasets with varying ground truth MI values and verify that regression performance improves as the MI increases between input modalities and the target value. Finally, we describe how our framework can be applied to contexts including multi-detector astrophysics and SSL studies in the highly multimodal regime.