Hi, I read a paper. Please help me. I am curious and would like to understand more about this topic.

Hi, this paper I read and now I would like to know, if somebody here on the internet knows what this is? Also I found out there are more papers about this topic as you can see in the picture I posted. And I would like to know: why do work on this topic? Please tell me in your own words and in easy language. I found it on github and want to know more about it.

I am happy to receive an answer. Thank you. cu