Early Migration of Chinese Art to the West: The Role of Turks and Arabs

China served as the primary source of novel materials and innovations that significantly contributed to the development of medieval Europe. In this study, I employ an unconventional approach grounded in the mathematics of ornamental arts to trace the trajectory of Chinese goods to theWest. Utilizing the concept of the wallpaper group, this research analyzes Chinese ornaments to discern similarities with the artwork of the Arabs and Turkish Seljuks during the 8th to 12th centuries. Furthermore, it elucidates the mechanisms through which Chinese art reached theWest, thereby providing insights into the migration of technology.