The rapid deployment of machine learning across platforms from milliwatt-class TinyML devices to large language models has made energy efficiency a primary constraint for sustainable AI. Across these scales, performance and energy are increasingly limited by data movement and memory-system behavior rather than by arithmetic throughput alone. This work reviews energy efficient software hardware codesign methods spanning edge inference and training to datacenter-scale LLM serving, covering accelerator architectures (e.g., ASIC/FPGA dataflows, processing-/compute-in-memory designs) and system-level techniques (e.g., partitioning, […]

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AI generates code remarkably well. But here’s what it struggles with: understanding production reality. Production exists in pieces. Code describes what should happen; observability tools see signals; ticketing systems see problems; CI/CD sees changes. Every surface sees a slice of production. None maintains a coherent model of how the system actually works.  The same fragmentation exists across people and roles: SRE, support, QA, dev, PM. There is no central understanding of how production software works. Even within teams, […]

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arXiv:2601.05353v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate forecasting of blood glucose from CGM is essential for preventing dysglycemic events, thus enabling proactive diabetes management. However, current forecasting models treat blood glucose readings captured using CGMs as a numerical sequence, either ignoring context or relying on additional sensors/modalities that are difficult to collect and deploy at scale. Recently, LLMs have shown promise for time-series forecasting tasks, yet their role as agentic context extractors in diabetes care remains largely unexplored. To […]

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In the current landscape of generative AI, the ‘scaling laws’ have generally dictated that more parameters equal more intelligence. However, Liquid AI is challenging this convention with the release of LFM2.5-350M. This model is actually a technical case study in intelligence density with additional pre-training (from 10T to 28T tokens) and large-scale reinforcement learning The significance of LFM2.5-350M lies in its architecture and training efficiency. While the most AI companies has been focused on frontier models, Liquid AI […]

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arXiv:2601.00205v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Package dependencies are a critical control point in modern software supply chains. Dependency changes can substantially alter a project’s security posture. As AI coding agents increasingly modify software via pull requests, it is unclear whether their dependency decisions introduce distinct security risks. We study 117,062 dependency changes from agent- and human-authored pull requests across seven ecosystems. Agents select known-vulnerable versions more often than humans (2.46% vs. 1.64%), and their vulnerable selections are more […]

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arXiv:2601.04212v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in generating high-quality text; however, their propensity for producing hallucinations poses a significant challenge for their deployment in security-critical domains. In this work, we present TrueBrief, an end-to-end framework specifically designed to enhance the faithfulness of small LLMs (SLMs) primarily for the task of text summarization through a preference-optimization paradigm. Central to our framework is a data generation module that facilitates controlled hallucination injection to […]

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arXiv:2604.01315v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Money launderers take advantage of limitations in existing detection approaches by hiding their financial footprints in a deceitful manner. They manage this by replicating transaction patterns that the monitoring systems cannot easily distinguish. As a result, criminally gained assets are pushed into legitimate financial channels without drawing attention. Algorithms developed to monitor money flows often struggle with scale and complexity. The difficulty of identifying such activities is further intensified by the (persistent) inability […]

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Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients. However, existing clustered FL approaches rely solely on either data similarity or gradient similarity; however, this results in an incomplete assessment of client similarities. Prior clustered FL approaches also restrict knowledge and representation sharing to clients within the same cluster. This prevents cluster models […]

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arXiv:2601.07281v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decision trees are powerful machine learning algorithms, widely used in fields such as economics and medicine for their simplicity and interpretability. However, decision trees such as CART are prone to overfitting, especially when grown deep or the sample size is small. Conventional methods to reduce overfitting include pre-pruning and post-pruning, which constrain the growth of uninformative branches. In this paper, we propose a complementary approach by introducing a covariance-driven splitting criterion for regression […]

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