Adversarial training attains strong empirical robustness to specific adversarial attacks by training on concrete adversarial perturbations, but it produces neural networks that are not amenable to strong robustness certificates through neural network verification. On the other hand, earlier certified training schemes directly train on bounds from network relaxations to obtain models that are certifiably robust, but display sub-par standard performance. Recent work has shown that state-of-the-art trade-offs between certified robustness and standard performance can be obtained through a […]

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Get Started with Rust: Enums There are two ways to create custom data types in Rust: structs and enums. In contrast to structs, enums construct a type that has multiple variants and not multiple fields. While structs are a part of pretty much any programming language, enums are not so mainstream and are mostly seen in statically typed functional languages like Haskell or OCaml. But, as we’ll see, they are quite nice for domain modeling with types. This […]

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arXiv:2110.03684v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Cross-domain imitation learning studies how to leverage expert demonstrations of one agent to train an imitation agent with a different embodiment or morphology. Comparing trajectories and stationary distributions between the expert and imitation agents is challenging because they live on different systems that may not even have the same dimensionality. We propose Gromov-Wasserstein Imitation Learning (GWIL), a method for cross-domain imitation that uses the Gromov-Wasserstein distance to align and compare states between the […]

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arXiv:2601.02530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We present Connection-Aware Motif Sequencing (CamS), a graph-to-sequence representation that enables decoder-only Transformers to learn molecular graphs via standard next-token prediction (NTP). For molecular property prediction, SMILES-based NTP scales well but lacks explicit topology, whereas graph-native masked modeling captures connectivity but risks disrupting the pivotal chemical details (e.g., activity cliffs). CamS bridges this gap by serializing molecular graphs into structure-rich causal sequences. CamS first mines data-driven connection-aware motifs. It then serializes motifs via […]

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Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a standard tool for hyperparameter tuning thanks to its sample efficiency on expensive black-box functions. While most BO pipelines begin with uniform random initialization, default hyperparameter values shipped with popular ML libraries such as scikit-learn encode implicit expert knowledge and could serve as informative starting points that accelerate convergence. This hypothesis, despite its intuitive appeal, has remained largely unexamined. We formalize the idea by initializing BO with points drawn from truncated Gaussian distributions centered […]

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Understanding keyword search, TF-IDF, and BM25 The post RAG with Hybrid Search: How Does Keyword Search Work? appeared first on Towards Data Science.

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Large-scale optimization is a key backbone of modern business decision-making. However, building these models is often labor-intensive and time-consuming. We address this by proposing LEAN-LLM-OPT, a LightwEight AgeNtic workflow construction framework for LLM-assisted large-scale OPTimization auto-formulation. LEAN-LLM-OPT takes as input a problem description together with associated datasets and orchestrates a team of LLM agents to produce an optimization formulation. Specifically, upon receiving a query, two upstream LLM agents dynamically construct a workflow that specifies, step-by-step, how optimization models […]

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Researchers from Microsoft have unveiled a scanning method to identify poisoned models without knowing the trigger or intended outcome. Organisations integrating open-weight large language models (LLMs) face a specific supply chain vulnerability where distinct memory leaks and internal attention patterns expose hidden threats known as “sleeper agents”. These poisoned models contain backdoors that lie dormant during standard safety testing, but execute malicious behaviours – ranging from generating vulnerable code to hate speech – when a specific “trigger” phrase […]

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