arXiv:2507.12581v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: While average treatment effects (ATE) and conditional average treatment effects (CATE) provide valuable population- and subgroup-level summaries, they fail to capture uncertainty at the individual level. For high-stakes decision-making, individual treatment effect (ITE) estimates must be accompanied by valid prediction intervals that reflect heterogeneity and unit-specific uncertainty. However, the fundamental unidentifiability of ITEs limits the ability to derive precise and reliable individual-level uncertainty estimates. To address this challenge, we investigate the role of […]

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arXiv:2601.09808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Variable scoping dictates how and where variables are accessible within programming languages, playing a crucial role in code efficiency and organization. This paper examines the distinct scoping rules in SAS and R, focusing on SAS’s dynamic scoping and R’s lexical scoping. In SAS, dynamic scoping utilizes symbol tables, resolving variables at runtime by dynamically searching through active macro layers. R, in contrast, employs lexical scoping, using environments to resolve variables based on the […]

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Thailand’s digital economy is rapidly expanding, bringing with it both unprecedented opportunities and increasingly complex cybersecurity challenges. As organizations accelerate their digital transformation journeys, the need to secure digital infrastructure, safeguard sensitive data, and build resilient systems has become more critical than ever. From the rise of cloud adoption and AI-driven technologies to the growing threat of cyberattacks and data breaches, cybersecurity is now at the forefront of business priorities across Thailand.  Enterprises across key sectors including banking, […]

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arXiv:2604.08706v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: While Experience Replay – the practice of storing rollouts and reusing them multiple times during training – is a foundational technique in general RL, it remains largely unexplored in LLM post-training due to the prevailing belief that fresh, on-policy data is essential for high performance. In this work, we challenge this assumption. We present a systematic study of replay buffers for LLM post-training, formalizing the optimal design as a trade-off between staleness-induced variance, […]

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I didn’t switch to multi‑vector embeddings because it was trendy. I did it because a single pooled vector kept lying to my search. When you collapse a candidate into one embedding, you’re asking one point in space to simultaneously represent “career arc”, “licenses”, “skills”, and “general profile vibe”. In a recruitment dataset—where a single designation like CFP/CFA can be the gating factor—that pooling turns into a weird kind of blur: the vector is kind of about everything, which […]

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Victoria, Seychelles, March 31st, 2026/Chainwire/–Global crypto trading platform BYDFi will mark its 6th anniversary with a month-long celebration beginning on April 1, 2026, highlighting BYDFi’s evolution into an all-in-one crypto trading platform built on a CEX + DEX dual-engine model. Over the past six years, BYDFi has continued to strengthen product infrastructure, user safeguards, and market access, shaping a platform built for reliability. BYDFi’s Evolution: From Core Trading to Broader Market Access Over the past six years, BYDFi […]

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arXiv:2604.14176v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) leverages labeled data to categorize unlabeled samples from known or unknown classes. Most previous methods jointly optimize supervised and unsupervised objectives and achieve promising results. However, inherent optimization interference still limits their ability to improve further. Through quantitative analysis, we identify a key issue, i.e., gradient entanglement, which 1) distorts supervised gradients and weakens discrimination among known classes, and 2) induces representation-subspace overlap between known and novel classes, reducing […]

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