arXiv:2602.06098v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coding agents are increasingly utilized in test-driven software development, yet the theoretical mechanisms behind their environment-interaction strategies remain underexplored. We provide a probabilistic framework for two dominant paradigms: code selection after generation using the execution environment, and code generation conditioned on environment feedback. First, we formalize several well-established selection heuristics as environment-aware estimators of code correctness. We theoretically prove that estimators based on fuzzy functional similarity add an inductive bias and strictly dominate […]

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In this tutorial, we explore Pyright, Microsoft’s high-performance static type checker for Python, and walk through its most powerful features in a hands-on, Colab-friendly format. We start from the ground up with basic annotations and type inference, then progressively advance through Union types, type narrowing, generics, Protocols, TypedDict, dataclasses, and modern typing constructs like Self, TypeAlias, and NewType. We also examine how strict mode raises the bar for type safety across an entire codebase and how pyrightconfig.json provides […]

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When I started learning AI and diving into frameworks like LangGraph, n8n, and the OpenAI APIs, I found plenty of great tutorials. They taught me how to build a simple chatbot, how to make my first LLM call, how to chain a few prompts together. Useful stuff for getting started. Great for for learning. Less great for shipping. After the first couple of weeks, I wanted to build an actual production-ready application which goes beyond standard POCs. Something […]

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arXiv:2604.14240v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The simulation of complex systems increasingly relies on sophisticated but fundamentally opaque computational black-box simulators. Surrogate models play a central role in reducing the computational cost of complex systems simulations across a wide range of scientific and engineering domains. Notwithstanding, they inevitably inherit and often exacerbate this black-box nature, obscuring how input variables drive physical responses. Conversely, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers powerful tools to unpack these models. Yet, XAI methods struggle with […]

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arXiv:2601.08892v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rise of online counseling services has highlighted the need for effective training methods for future counselors. This paper extends research on VirCo, a Virtual Client for Online Counseling, designed to complement traditional role-playing methods in academic training by simulating realistic client interactions. Building on previous work, we introduce a new dataset incorporating adversarial attacks to test the ability of large language models (LLMs) to maintain their assigned roles (role-consistency). The study focuses […]

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arXiv:2604.02372v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Decentralised post-training of large language models utilises data and pipeline parallelism techniques to split the data and the model. Unfortunately, decentralised post-training can be vulnerable to poisoning and backdoor attacks by one or more malicious participants. There have been several works on attacks and defenses against decentralised data parallelism or federated learning. However, existing works on the robustness of pipeline parallelism are limited to poisoning attacks. To the best of our knowledge, this […]

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Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have proven to be wildly useful for molecular dynamics simulations, powering countless drug and materials discovery applications. However, MLIPs face two primary bottlenecks preventing them from reaching realistic simulation scales: inference time and memory consumption. In this work, we address both issues by challenging the long-held belief that the cutoff radius for the MLIP must be held to a fixed, constant value. For the first time, we introduce a dynamic cutoff formulation that […]

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The life of a prescription at Amazon Pharmacy From pricing estimation and regulatory compliance to inventory management and chatbot assistants, machine learning models help Amazon Pharmacy customers stay healthy and save time and money. Conversational AI Alexandre Alves Anita Vila September 30, 01:32 PM October 02, 11:42 AM Pharmacies play a vital role in ensuring patients health, but the process of dispensing medications is far more complex than it may appear. At Amazon Pharmacy, we are using artificial […]

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arXiv:2505.13770v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reliable causal inference is essential for making decisions in high-stakes areas like medicine, economics, and public policy. However, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) can handle rigorous and trustworthy statistical causal inference. Current benchmarks usually involve simplified tasks. For example, these tasks might only ask LLMs to identify semantic causal relationships or draw conclusions directly from raw data. As a result, models may overlook important statistical pitfalls, such as Simpson’s paradox […]

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In this tutorial, we build an advanced Django-Unfold admin dashboard. We start by installing Django, Django-Unfold, and the required dependencies, then we create a fresh Django project with a shop application. We configure Unfold with a modern admin theme, custom sidebar navigation, dashboard callbacks, product badges, tabs, filters, actions, and a custom admin homepage. We also define realistic e-commerce models such as categories, products, customers, orders, and order items, seed the database with sample data, and launch the […]

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