arXiv:2603.08156v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is widely recognized as a central challenge in data mining and machine learning. LTSF has increasingly evolved into a benchmark-driven ”GAME,” where models are ranked, compared, and declared state-of-the-art based primarily on marginal reductions in aggregated pointwise error metrics such as MSE and MAE. Across a small set of canonical datasets and fixed forecasting horizons, progress is communicated through leaderboard-style tables in which lower numerical scores define success. […]

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We investigate the geometric structure of learning dynamics in overparameterized transformer models through carefully controlled modular arithmetic tasks. Our primary finding is that despite operating in high-dimensional parameter spaces ($d=128$), transformer training trajectories rapidly collapse onto low-dimensional execution manifolds of dimension $3$–$4$. This dimensional collapse is robust across random seeds and moderate task difficulties, though the orientation of the manifold in parameter space varies between runs. We demonstrate that this geometric structure underlies several empirically observed phenomena: (1) […]

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arXiv:2601.04222v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many documentaries on early house and techno music exist. Here, protagonists from the scenes describe key elements and events that affected the evolution of the music. In the research community, there is consensus that such descriptions have to be examined critically. Yet, there have not been attempts to validate such statements on the basis of audio analyses. In this study, over 9,000 early house and techno tracks from Germany and the United States […]

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arXiv:2603.01162v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Group relative policy optimization (GRPO), a core methodological component of DeepSeekMath and DeepSeek-R1, has emerged as a cornerstone for scaling reasoning capabilities of large language models. Despite its widespread adoption and the proliferation of follow-up works, the theoretical properties of GRPO remain less studied. This paper provides a unified framework to understand GRPO through the lens of classical U-statistics. We demonstrate that the GRPO policy gradient is inherently a U-statistic, allowing us to […]

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arXiv:2603.15806v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vertical farming is a controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) approach in which crops are grown in stacked layers under regulated climate and lighting, enabling predictable production but requiring high electricity input. This study quantifies the techno-economic impact of roof-mounted daylighting in a three-tier container vertical farm using a light-pipe (LP) system that delivers sunlight to the upper tier. The optical chain, comprising a straight duct and a tilting aluminum-coated mirror within a rotating dome, was […]

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arXiv:2602.03979v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on reasoning benchmarks via reinforcement learning requires a specific reward function, often binary, for each benchmark. This comes with two potential limitations: the need to design the reward, and the potentially sparse nature of binary rewards. Here, we systematically investigate rewards derived from the probability or log-probability of emitting the reference answer (or any other prompt continuation present in the data), which have the advantage of not relying […]

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arXiv:2601.10942v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Software is in constant evolution, with developers frequently submitting pull requests (PRs) to introduce new features or fix bugs. Testing PRs is critical to maintaining software quality. Yet, even in projects with extensive test suites, some PR-modified lines remain untested, leaving a “last-mile” regression test gap. Existing test generators typically aim to improve overall coverage, but do not specifically target the uncovered lines in PRs. We present Change And Cover (ChaCo), an LLM-based […]

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arXiv:2601.04350v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Scientific rigour tends to be sidelined in favour of bold statements, leading authors to overstate claims beyond what their results support. We present RIGOURATE, a two-stage multimodal framework that retrieves supporting evidence from a paper’s body and assigns each claim an overstatement score. The framework consists of a dataset of over 10K claim-evidence sets from ICLR and NeurIPS papers, annotated using eight LLMs, with overstatement scores calibrated using peer-review comments and validated through […]

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Rust vs. Haskell Rust and Haskell don’t shy away from powerful features. As a result, both languages have steep learning curves when compared with other languages. Trying to learn Rust or Haskell can be frustrating, especially in the first couple of months. But if you already know Rust, you have a head start with Haskell; and vice versa. In this article, we want to show how knowledge of one of these languages can help you get up to […]

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