Sub-Millijoule Intrusion Detection on a Commodity MCU Neural Processing Unit: A Four-Dataset Deployment Study
We deploy an intrusion detection classifier on the STM32N6570-DK, a Cortex-M55 MCU with the Neural-ART NPU. Using the approximate T = 1 SNN–INT8 ANN equivalence, we compile a lightweight MLP to the NPU and evaluate four datasets: NSL-KDD (5-class), UNSW-NB15 (10-class), CICIDS2017 (15-class), and IoT-23 (5-class). Results are reported as mean ± std over multi-seed runs (5–20 seeds), with paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Holm–Bonferroni correction. Across all datasets, INT8 NPU inference runs in 0.29–0.46 ms (2.7–4.2× faster […]