From Feature Variability to Agency Variability: A Software Product-Line Engineering Framework for Governed Agentic AI Systems
Agentic artificial intelligence systems increasingly combine language models, memory, retrieval, tool use, orchestration, and human oversight. For software engineering, this creates a variability problem that feature-oriented product line methods only partly address: organizations are configuring not only functions or components, but permitted patterns of agency. Unlike MAS-SPL, which mainly structures families of agent roles and interactions, the proposed approach targets LLM-based agents whose prompts, retrieval sources, tool authority, runtime monitoring, and governance boundaries vary together. This paper proposes […]