technocracy

arXiv:2602.18531v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The energy management problem in the context of smart grids is inherently complex due to the interdependencies among diverse system components. Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been proposed for solving Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, the requirement for iterative interaction with an environment often necessitates computationally expensive simulators, leading to significant sample inefficiency. In this study, these challenges are addressed through the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which can replace conventional and […]

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arXiv:2602.23407v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in code generation, yet they remain prone to producing security vulnerabilities. Existing approaches commonly suffer from two key limitations: the scarcity of high-quality security data and coarse-grained reinforcement learning reward signals. To address these challenges, we propose Vul2Safe, a new secure code generation framework that leverages LLM self-reflection to construct high-confidence repair pairs from real-world vulnerabilities, and further generates diverse implicit prompts to build the […]

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I’ve spent some time recently building an RL agent to play competitive Pokémon (Generation 9 Random Battles on Pokémon Showdown). I wanted to share the architecture, the training pipeline, and some thoughts on the MCTS vs. pure-network approaches in this specific environment. Why Pokémon? From an RL perspective, a Pokémon battle is a great proxy for real-world, messy decision-making. It combines three massive headaches: Simultaneous Action: Both agents lock in actions concurrently. You are trying to approximate Nash […]

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In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of Memory Management in Python. By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how Python handles memory allocation and freeing, the role of the Global Interpreter Lock, and how CPython organizes memory using arenas, pools, and blocks. Give it a shot! [ Improve Your Python With 🐍 Python Tricks 💌 – Get a short & sweet Python Trick delivered to your inbox every couple of days. >> Click here to learn more […]

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arXiv:2604.02486v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Vision Language Models (VLMs) achieve impressive performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, on some tasks that demand fine-grained visual perception, they often fail even when the required information is present in their internal representations. In this work, we demonstrate that this gap arises from their narrow training pipeline which focuses on moving visual information to the textual space. Consequently, VLMs can only reason about visual entities that can be mapped […]

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A complete understanding of heterogeneous treatment effects involves characterizing the full conditional distribution of potential outcomes. To this end, we propose the Conditional Counterfactual Mean Embeddings (CCME), a framework that embeds conditional distributions of counterfactual outcomes into a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). Under this framework, we develop a two-stage meta-estimator for CCME that accommodates any RKHS-valued regression in each stage. Based on this meta-estimator, we develop three practical CCME estimators: (1) Ridge Regression estimator, (2) Deep Feature […]

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We love Haskell, but we also love learning new languages. In this article, we want to show how to use your Haskell knowledge to write Rust code. We’ll go through the concepts familiar to most Haskell developers, present a few gotchas, and cover these questions: To what extent is FP possible in Rust? (On the scale from Java streams to doing Lambda Calculus on paper.) Which Haskell concepts map well to Rust, and which don’t? Are there monads […]

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Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has predominantly focused on generating model-centric explanations that approximate the behavior of black-box models. However, such explanations often overlook a fundamental aspect of interpretability: different users require different explanations depending on their goals, preferences, and cognitive constraints. Although recent work has explored user-centric and personalized explanations, most existing approaches rely on heuristic adaptations or implicit user modeling, lacking a principled framework for representing and learning individual preferences. In this paper, we consider Preference-Based Explainable […]

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As large language model agents advance beyond software engineering (SWE) tasks toward machine learning engineering (MLE), verifying agent behavior becomes orders of magnitude more expensive: while SWE tasks can be verified via fast-executing unit tests, MLE verification requires running full ML pipelines — data preprocessing, model training, and metric evaluation — on large datasets at each rollout step, rendering trajectory-wise on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) prohibitively slow. Existing approaches retreat to supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or offline proxy rewards, sacrificing […]

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