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Much of the current focus on AI safety has centred on models – how they are trained and monitored. But as systems become more autonomous, attention is changing toward the data those systems depend on. If the data feeding an AI system is fragmented, outdated, or lacks oversight, the system’s behaviour can become more unpredictable. Data governance is becoming a core part of how autonomous systems are controlled. Denodo is one of the companies working in this area, […]

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Vector quantization approaches (VQ-VAE, VQ-GAN) learn discrete neural representations of images, but these representations are inherently position-dependent: codes are spatially arranged and contextually entangled, requiring autoregressive or diffusion-based priors to model their dependencies at sample time. In this work, we ask whether positional information is necessary for discrete representations of spatially aligned data. We propose the permutation-invariant vector-quantized autoencoder (PI-VQ), in which latent codes are constrained to carry no positional information. We find that this constraint encourages codes […]

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Topology control for power grid operation is a challenging sequential decision making problem because the action space grows combinatorially with the size of the grid and action evaluation through simulation is computationally expensive. We propose a physics-informed Reinforcement Learning framework that combines semi-Markov control with a Gibbs prior, that encodes the system’s physics, over the action space. The decision is only taken when the grid enters a hazardous regime, while a graph neural network surrogate predicts the post […]

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Engineering teams are experiencing one of the fastest shifts in tooling since the rise of modern IDEs and cloud development. AI coding software tools have moved far beyond autocomplete—developers can now describe intent in natural language and watch fully formed implementations appear. This creates a new foundation for productivity, creativity, and learning across engineering organizations. For many teams, this rapid evolution is redefining how engineers work, moving from manual, line-by-line implementation toward higher-level collaboration with AI. Teams are now […]

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We study the prophet inequality, a fundamental problem in online decision-making and optimal stopping, in a practical setting where rewards are observed only through noisy realizations and reward distributions are unknown. At each stage, the decision-maker receives a noisy reward whose true value follows a linear model with an unknown latent parameter, and observes a feature vector drawn from a distribution. To address this challenge, we propose algorithms that integrate learning and decision-making via lower-confidence-bound (LCB) thresholding. In […]

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Although demand forecasting is a critical component of supply chain planning, actual retail data can exhibit irreconcilable seasonality, irregular spikes, and noise, rendering precise projections nearly unattainable. This paper proposes a three-step analytical framework that combines forecasting and operational analytics. The first stage consists of exploratory data analysis, where delivery-tracked data from 180,519 transactions are partitioned, and long-term trends, seasonality, and delivery-related attributes are examined. Secondly, the forecasting performance of a statistical time series decomposition model N-BEATS MSTL […]

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