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Formal methods are software engineering approaches with a rigorous mathematical basis that can be used in helping to ensure the correctness of software systems, especially where safety or security is critical. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has developed very rapidly in the area of Generative AI (GenAI), where questions can be answered with increasingly impressive but with potentially unreliable and variable results. This paper surveys research in integrating the two approaches in a synergistic manner. Traditionally, such explorations have required […]

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Hi all, I’ve been working on building a Multi-Agent PPO for Mad Pod Racing on CodinGame, using a simple multi-layer perceptron for both the agents and the critic. For the input data, I have distance [0, 16000] and speed [0, 700]. I first scaled the real values by their maximums to bring them into a smaller range. With this simple scaling and short training, my agent stabilized at a mediocre performance. Then, I tried normalizing the data using […]

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How three chief strategy officers are responding

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It is sometimes said that neural networks are “just” logistic regression. (Remember neural networks? LLMs are neural networks, but nobody talks about neural networks anymore.) In some sense a neural network is logistic regression with more parameters, a lot more parameters, but more is different. New phenomena emerge at scale that could not have been anticipated at a smaller scale. Logistic regression can work surprisingly well on small data sets. One of my clients filed a patent on a simple […]

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I was working with a colleague recently on a project involving the use of the OpenAI API. I brought up the idea that, perhaps it is possible to improve the accuracy of API response by modifying the API call to increase the amount of reasoning performed. My colleague quickly asked ChatGPT if this was possible, and the answer came back “No, it’s not possible to do that.” then I asked essentially the same question to my own instance […]

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Analog Ising machines have been proposed as heuristic hardware solvers for combinatorial optimization problems, with the potential to outperform conventional approaches, provided that their hyperparameters are carefully tuned. Their temporal evolution is often described using time-continuous dynamics. However, most experimental implementations rely on measurement-feedback architectures that operate in a time-discrete manner. We observe that in such setups, the range of effective hyperparameters is substantially smaller than in the envisioned time-continuous analog Ising machine. In this paper, we analyze […]

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CollectivIQ looks to give users more accurate answers to their AI queries by showing them responses that pull information from ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Grok — and up to 10 other models — all at the same time.

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Background: Regulatory frameworks such as the Belmont Report, the Common Rule, and the Declaration of Helsinki require informed consent to ensure participants understand a study’s purpose and can make voluntary decisions about their involvement. Regulations including the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) further emphasise that consent must be freely given and revocable without disadvantage. Although informed consent forms (ICFs) are intended to be clear and accessible, they have become increasingly lengthy and complex. Large language models […]

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