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Web3 has a branding problem. For years, it trained people to associate it with noise. Big promises. Bigger token launches. Endless “future of the internet” speeches. Communities that looked active until the price fell. Products that demanded tutorials before they delivered value. Too much of Web3 felt like an industry asking users to care about its architecture more than its usefulness. That was never going to scale. Because outside crypto circles, normal users do not care what a […]

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Learning the potentials of interacting particle systems is a fundamental task across various scientific disciplines. A major challenge is that unlabeled data collected at discrete time points lack trajectory information due to limitations in data collection methods or privacy constraints. We address this challenge by introducing a trajectory-free self-test loss function that leverages the weak-form stochastic evolution equation of the empirical distribution. The loss function is quadratic in potentials, supporting parametric and nonparametric regression algorithms for robust estimation […]

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IBM has announced the release of Granite 4.0 3B Vision, a vision-language model (VLM) engineered specifically for enterprise-grade document data extraction. Departing from the monolithic approach of larger multimodal models, the 4.0 Vision release is architected as a specialized adapter designed to bring high-fidelity visual reasoning to the Granite 4.0 Micro language backbone. This release represents a transition toward modular, extraction-focused AI that prioritizes structured data accuracy—such as converting complex charts to code or tables to HTML—over general-purpose […]

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Run Google’s latest omni-capable open models faster on NVIDIA RTX AI PCs, from NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano, GeForce RTX desktops to the new DGX Spark, to build personalized, always-on AI assistants like OpenClaw without paying a massive “token tax” for every action. The landscape of modern AI is shifting rapidly. We are moving away from a total reliance on massive, generalized cloud models and entering the era of local, agentic AI powered by platforms like OpenClaw. Whether it […]

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We address nonconvex learning problems over undirected networks. In particular, we focus on the challenge of designing an algorithm that is both communication-efficient and that guarantees the privacy of the agents’ data. The first goal is achieved through a local training approach, which reduces communication frequency. The second goal is achieved by perturbing gradients during local training, specifically through gradient clipping and additive noise. We prove that the resulting algorithm converges to a stationary point of the problem […]

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We construct algorithms with optimal error for learning with adversarial noise. The overarching theme of this work is that the use of textsl{randomized} hypotheses can substantially improve upon the best error rates achievable with deterministic hypotheses. – For $η$-rate malicious noise, we show the optimal error is $frac{1}{2} cdot η/(1-η)$, improving on the optimal error of deterministic hypotheses by a factor of $1/2$. This answers an open question of Cesa-Bianchi et al. (JACM 1999) who showed randomness can […]

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The new Specifications for the National Bridge Inventory (SNBI), in effect from 2022, emphasize the use of element-level condition states (CS) for risk-based bridge management. Instead of a general component rating, element-level condition data use an array of relative CS quantities (i.e., CS proportions) to represent the condition of a bridge. Although this greatly increases the granularity of bridge condition data, it introduces challenges to set up optimal life-cycle policies due to the expanded state space from one […]

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Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a central framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Despite its practical success, RLHF raises fundamental statistical questions because it relies on noisy, subjective, and often heterogeneous feedback to learn reward models and optimize policies. This survey provides a statistical perspective on RLHF, focusing primarily on the LLM alignment setting. We introduce the main components of RLHF, including supervised fine-tuning, reward modeling, and policy optimization, and […]

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