Hypothesis Class Determines Explanation: Why Accurate Models Disagree on Feature Attribution
arXiv:2603.15821v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The assumption that prediction-equivalent models produce equivalent explanations underlies many practices in explainable AI, including model selection, auditing, and regulatory evaluation. In this work, we show that this assumption does not hold. Through a large-scale empirical study across 24 datasets and multiple model classes, we find that models with identical predictive behavior can produce substantially different feature attributions. This disagreement is highly structured: models within the same hypothesis class exhibit strong agreement, while […]