February 2026

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved notable performance in high-dimensional sequential decision-making tasks, yet remains limited by low sample efficiency, sensitivity to noise, and weak generalization under partial observability. Most existing approaches address these issues primarily through optimization strategies, while the role of architectural priors in shaping representation learning and decision dynamics is less explored. Inspired by structural principles of the cerebellum, we propose a biologically grounded RL architecture that incorporate large expansion, sparse connectivity, sparse activation, and dendritic-level […]

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arXiv:2512.13228v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Semi-supervised classification leverages both labeled and unlabeled data to improve predictive performance, but existing software support remains fragmented across methods, learning settings, and data modalities. We introduce ModSSC, an open source Python framework for inductive and transductive semi-supervised classification designed to support reproducible and controlled experimentation. ModSSC provides a modular and extensible software architecture centered on reusable semi-supervised learning components, stable abstractions, and fully declarative experiment specification. Experiments are defined through configuration files, […]

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arXiv:2512.00499v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central component of post-training for large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex reasoning tasks that require stable optimization over long generation horizons. However, achieving performance at scale often introduces a fundamental trade-off between training stability and training efficiency. Token-level optimization applies fine-grained updates at the individual units, but is prone to high variance in gradient estimation, which can result in unstable training dynamics. In contrast, Sequence-level optimization […]

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arXiv:2510.25154v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Bayesian inference provides principled uncertainty quantification but is often limited by challenges of prior and likelihood elicitation. The martingale posterior (MGP) (Fong et al., 2023) offers an alternative by replacing these requirements with a predictive rule. Additionally MGP focuses inference on parameters defined through a loss function. This framework is especially resonant in the era of foundation transformers; practitioners increasingly leverage models like TabPFN for their state-of-the-art capabilities, yet often require epistemic uncertainty […]

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arXiv:2510.10854v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-dimensional samples across domains such as vision, language, and the sciences. Although continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied both empirically and theoretically, discrete-state diffusion models, essential for applications involving text, sequences, and combinatorial structures, remain significantly less understood from a theoretical standpoint. In particular, all existing analyses of discrete-state models assume score estimation error bounds without studying sample complexity results. In this work, we […]

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arXiv:2510.04455v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Data-driven inverse optimization for mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs), which seeks to learn an objective function and constraints consistent with observed decisions, is important for building accurate mathematical models in a variety of domains, including power systems and scheduling. However, to the best of our knowledge, existing data-driven inverse optimization methods primarily focus on learning objective functions under known constraints, and learning both objective functions and constraints from data remains largely unexplored. In this […]

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arXiv:2510.02983v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We propose new Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to sample a uniform distribution on a convex body $K$. Our algorithms are based on the proximal sampler, which uses Gibbs sampling on an augmented distribution and assumes access to the so-called restricted Gaussian oracle (RGO). The key contribution of this work is an efficient implementation of the RGO for uniform sampling on convex $K$ that goes beyond the membership-oracle model used in many classical […]

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arXiv:2509.23437v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Influence functions offer a principled way to trace model predictions back to training data, but their use in deep learning is hampered by the need to invert a large, ill-conditioned Hessian matrix. Approximations such as Generalised Gauss-Newton (GGN) and Kronecker-Factored Approximate Curvature (K-FAC) have been proposed to make influence computation tractable, yet it remains unclear how the departure from exactness impacts data attribution performance. Critically, given the restricted regime in which influence functions […]

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arXiv:2509.20993v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider the problem of estimating inverse temperature parameter $beta$ of an $n$-dimensional truncated Ising model using a single sample. Given a graph $G = (V,E)$ with $n$ vertices, a truncated Ising model is a probability distribution over the $n$-dimensional hypercube ${-1,1}^n$ where each configuration $mathbf{sigma}$ is constrained to lie in a truncation set $S subseteq {-1,1}^n$ and has probability $Pr(mathbf{sigma}) propto exp(betamathbf{sigma}^top Amathbf{sigma})$ with $A$ being the adjacency matrix of $G$. We […]

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