January 2026

Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are typically evaluated under fixed training conditions. We investigate whether training-time safety guarantees transfer to deployment under distribution shift, using diabetes management as a safety-critical testbed. We benchmark safe RL algorithms on a unified clinical simulator and reveal a safety generalization gap: policies satisfying constraints during training frequently violate safety requirements on unseen patients. We demonstrate that test-time shielding, which filters unsafe actions using learned dynamics models, effectively restores safety across algorithms and […]

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We study the learning dynamics of a multi-pass, mini-batch Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) procedure for empirical risk minimization in high-dimensional multi-index models with isotropic random data. In an asymptotic regime where the sample size $n$ and data dimension $d$ increase proportionally, for any sub-linear batch size $κasymp n^α$ where $αin [0,1)$, and for a commensurate “critical” scaling of the learning rate, we provide an asymptotically exact characterization of the coordinate-wise dynamics of SGD. This characterization takes the form […]

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Planning effective interventions in biological systems requires treatment-effect models that adapt to unseen biological contexts by identifying their specific underlying mechanisms. Yet single-cell perturbation datasets span only a handful of biological contexts, and existing methods cannot leverage new interventional evidence at inference time to adapt beyond their training data. To meta-learn a perturbation effect estimator, we present MapPFN, a prior-data fitted network (PFN) pretrained on synthetic data generated from a prior over causal perturbations. Given a set of […]

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Key Highlights: Google appears to be all set for a massive push into native audio, and AI Studio is where the first signs are starting to show. Over the past few days, users digging through AI Studio have spotted an interesting new option in the interface. A hidden “Create Your Voice” option has been spotted in AI Studio The news comes via Testing Catalog, which reports that when you select the Flash native audio preview model, powered by […]

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We introduce a novel machine learning method called the Penalized Profile Support Vector Machine based on the Gabriel edited set for the computation of the probability of failure for a complex system as determined by a threshold condition on a computer model of system behavior. The method is designed to minimize the number of evaluations of the computer model while preserving the geometry of the decision boundary that determines the probability. It employs an adaptive sampling strategy designed […]

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The Five Levels: from Spicy Autocomplete to the Dark Factory Dan Shapiro proposes a five level model of AI-assisted programming, inspired by the five (or rather six, it’s zero-indexed) levels of driving automation. Spicy autocomplete, aka original GitHub Copilot or copying and pasting snippets from ChatGPT. The coding intern, writing unimportant snippets and boilerplate with full human review. The junior developer, pair programming with the model but still reviewing every line. The developer. Most code is generated by […]

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